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Handling Botulinum Toxins

2011· review· en· W1970066703 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueDermatologic Surgery · 2011
Typereview
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicBotulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
Canadian institutionsUniversity of British Columbia
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineCochrane LibraryMEDLINEMedical literatureBotulinum toxinSystematic reviewIntensive care medicineSurgeryRandomized controlled trialPathology

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been in use since the late 1970s, and over the last 20 years, its use has been extended to new indications in various areas of medicine. During these years of clinical use, some of the initial ideas have changed, and others have remained stable along with increasing experience with and knowledge about BoNTs. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature and prescribing information on all of the available products and to update the concept of handling toxins (preparations, reconstitution, storage, sterility, and dilution). METHODS: A review (not Cochrane type analysis) of the medical literature based on relevant databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, specialist textbooks, and manufacturer information) was performed. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the precautions around BoNT use, often recommended by the manufacturers, are described in the clinical literature as too restrictive. The literature suggests that toxins may be sturdier and more-resistant to degradation than previously understood.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Research integrity, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Review · Consensus signal: Review
Teacher disagreement score0.960
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0040.002
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0020.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.163
GPT teacher head0.335
Teacher spread0.173 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it