Premature edge breakdown prevention techniques in CMOS APD fabrication
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we have introduced the most popular applied premature edge breakdown prevention (PEBP) techniques and proposed a new practical and efficient design procedure technique to design a functional avalanche photodiode using standard CMOS process based on our design, simulation and fabrication experiences. The device simulations are used to find the best dimensional values minimizing PEB. Three proposed PEBP techniques are emerged from a systematic study aimed at miniaturization, while optimizing the overall performance. Based on the experimental results gained from the fabrication of a p-well and p-sub guard-rings a new n-well guard-ring PEBP technique is introduced and its performance is evaluated using the device simulation. It exhibits a dark count rate of 1 kHz (with 0.5V excess bias at room temperature), a maximum photon detection probability of 70% at maximum excess bias and 9V breakdown voltage.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it