Selective adsorption of lead (II) ions by a manganese dioxides-loaded adsorption resin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A new adsorbent SD300-M was successfully synthesized by coating the adsorption resin SD300 with manganese oxide via KMnO4 modification. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and nitrogen adsorption measurement revealed that the manganese oxide exists as MnO2 on the surface and inside the channel of the SD300 resin. The SD300-M resin exhibited higher adsorption capacity to Pb2+ with the maximum adsorption capacity as high as 141 mg/g, comparing with original SD300 resin and the other manganese oxide-modified adsorbents, such as cellulose or carbon nanotubes. The increased adsorption of Pb2+ on the SD300-M resin arose mainly from the formation of inner-sphere complexes with MnO2. In the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, the SD300-M resin also has excellent adsorption selectivity for Pb2+ relative to that of the D301-M and HMO-001 resins, which arises from electrostatic interaction and surface complexation acting together. All the results indicate that the SD300-M resin is an efficient adsorbent to remove Pb2+ from aqueous solution.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".