Hyperphosphorylation of Histone Deacetylase 2 by Alphaherpesvirus US3 Kinases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A serine/threonine (S/T) kinase encoded by the US3 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is conserved in varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and pseudorabies virus (PRV). Expression of US3 kinase in cells transformed with US3 expression plasmids or infected with each virus results in hyperphosphorylation of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). Mapping studies revealed that each US3 kinase phosphorylates HDAC2 at the same unique conserved Ser residue in its C terminus. HDAC2 was also hyperphosphorylated in cells infected with PRV lacking US3 kinase, indicating that hyperphosphorylation of HDAC2 by PRV occurs in a US3-independent manner. Specific chemical inhibition of class I HDAC activity increases the plaquing efficiency of VZV and PRV lacking US3 or its enzymatic activity, whereas only minimal effects are observed with wild-type viruses, suggesting that VZV and PRV US3 kinase activities target HDACs to reduce viral genome silencing and allow efficient viral replication. However, no effect was observed for wild-type or US3 null HSV-1. Thus, we have demonstrated that while HDAC2 is a conserved target of alphaherpesvirus US3 kinases, the functional significance of these events is virus specific.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".