Playback experiments with long-finned pilot whales using a new broadband transmitter
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recently, a portable broadband acoustic transmission system (BATS) was developed as a joint venture between the Defence Research Establishment Atlantic and Sensor Technology Limited in Collingwood, Ontario. This transmitter is battery operated, easily deployed from small research vessels, and can produce source levels of 165 dB//1 μPa-m throughout its 1–14 kHz operating frequency band. The BATS was used by researchers from the Whitehead Laboratory at Dalhousie University to investigate vocal mimicry in long-finned pilot whales (Globicephala melas) off the coast of Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia during the summer of 1999. A series of frequency-modulated tones in the 2–10 kHz band and using 33 cycles was played back to the pilot whales from the BATS and the acoustic responses were recorded using a hydrophone and tape recorder. Evidence that the whales heard these stimuli was extracted from the recordings and estimates of received levels were made. Although there were no instances of clear mimicry of the stimuli, there were a few tantalizing whale vocalizations that have highlighted the need for further experimentation. [Work supported in part by NSERC, Canada.]
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".