Application of otolith analyses to investigate broad size distributions of young yellow perch in temperate lakes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Otolith analyses were used to back‐calculate young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) yellow perch Perca flavescens hatch‐date estimates to interpret broad length distributions observed within a small Great Lake, Lake St. Clair, and a small inland lake, Lake Opinicon, during 1998. For the Great Lake, the earliest observed hatch date occurred 2 weeks after suitable water temperatures and latest hatch dates occurred the same week temperatures were considered too warm for spawning. For the inland lake, the earliest hatch date occurred 4 weeks after suitable water temperatures and the latest hatch dates occurred 2 weeks after the water temperatures were considered too warm for spawning. It is inferred that spawning in each lake had a duration of >9 weeks. This suggests that natural perch populations can protract their spawning season opportunistically under the appropriate environmental cues. During 1998, these cues involved a shortened winter, earlier spring, and slow warming to typical summer temperatures, caused by the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. Time of YOY hatch determined the absolute opportunity for growth and resulted in a match or mismatch with optimal foraging conditions and contributed to the development of the observed YOY length distributions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".