Size‐selective oviposition by parasitoids and the evolution of life‐history timing in hosts: fixed preferences vs frequency‐dependent host selection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The influence of size‐selective oviposition behaviour by parasitoids on the evolution of life‐history timing in their hosts was examined using an optimization model of a two‐stage life history similar to a genetic algorithm. Host populations with varying durations of early‐larval development were subjected to selection in scenarios where parasitoids had fixed preferences for oviposition on late‐stage larvae, or those where parasitoid attack was dependent on the relative frequencies of the two life stages present in the population. Fixed preference for oviposition on late‐stage larvae caused positive directional selection on the duration of early‐larval development. Surviving individuals remained for as long as possible in the first stage of development in order to avoid parasitoid attack. Frequency‐dependent parasitoid attack, in contrast, caused maintenance of variation in the duration of early‐larval development. The influence of the fitness payoffs of different life stages on the plasticity of size‐selective oviposition behaviour is discussed, as are possible implications of the model results for parasitoid‐host population dynamics.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".