Socioethical issues in Hospital Birth: Troubling Tales from a Canadian Sample
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Prior to the writing of this article, a small qualitative Canadian study surveyed prenatal counseling in a hospital setting; through that study, unexpected and disturbing narratives emerged from participants about their labors and deliveries. The absence of prenatal counseling and consent, in some cases, led to psychosocial trauma, perpetuated by false assumptions participants made about the safety of hospital birth. These were findings in a university-college-educated sample that had unique access to excellent health care through a wide variety of quality university teaching hospitals. This sample demonstrated alarming gaps in knowledge about the realities of hospital birth and, more generally, prenatal care in a hospital setting. This article focuses on these hospital birth narratives and discusses them in a sociological and ethical context. The findings point to further study in urban U.S. settings, with a larger, more diversely educated sample, to determine whether these findings are unique to the Canadian health-care system, unique to a more educated sample of women, or more universal, pointing to a broader need for obstetrical care reform.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.022 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.068 | 0.023 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".