High-Temperature Behavior of CsH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> under Both Ambient and High Pressure Conditions
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The high-temperature behavior of CsH 2 PO 4 has been carefully examined under both ambient and high pressure (1.0 ± 0.2 GPa) conditions. Ambient pressure experiments encompassed thermal analysis, AC impedance spectroscopy, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and polarized light microscopy. Simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and evolved gas analysis by mass spectroscopy demonstrated that a structural transition with an enthalpy of 49.0 ± 2.5 J/g occurred at 228 ± 2 °C, just prior to thermal decomposition. The details of the decomposition pathway were highly dependent on sample surface area, however the structural transformation, a superprotonic transition, was not. Polarized light microscopy showed the high temperature phase to be optically isotropic in nature, consistent with earlier suggestions that this phase is cubic. The conductivity of CsH 2 PO 4, as revealed by the impedance measurements, exhibited a sharp increase at the transition temperature, from 1.2 × 10 - 5 to 9.0 × 10 - 3 Ω 1- cm - 1, followed by a rapid decline due to dehydration. In addition, chemically adsorbed surface water was shown to increase the conductivity of polycrystalline CsH 2 PO 4 over well-dried samples, even at mildly elevated temperatures (>200 °C). At high pressure an apparent irreversible phase transition at 150 °C and a reversible superprotonic phase transition at 260 °C were observed by impedance spectroscopy. At the superprotonic transition, the conductivity increased sharply by ∼3 orders of magnitude to 3.5 × 10 - 2 Ω 1- cm - 1 at 275 °C. This high conductivity phase was stable to the highest temperature examined, 375 °C, and exhibited reproducible and highly Arrhenius conduction behavior, with an activation energy for charge transport of 0.35 eV. Upon cooling, CsH 2 PO 4 remained in the high-temperature phase to a temperature of 240 °C.
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Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
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