Aggravation of acute pancreatitis by heparan sulfate in mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is responsible for pancreatitis-associated mortality, but its initiating events are poorly understood. Possible candidates may be endogenous substances, which have previously been shown to mediate inflammatory responses. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SIRS could be exaggerated by heparan sulfate (HS) in acute pancreatitis (AP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: AP was induced in mice by cerulein injection and HS was administered one hour after the final cerulein injection. The severity of pancreatitis was assessed by serum amylase activity, pancreatic edema, and pancreatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Systemic inflammation was evaluated by assessing lung injury and by measuring serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6. Cytokine levels were also measured in pancreas and lung tissues. RESULTS: HS did not worsen the pancreatic injury induced by cerulein. In contrast, HS exacerbated the systemic inflammation as measured by augmented lung MPO activity, increased lung TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels, and elevated serum IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate a potential role for HS in propagating pancreatic inflammation from a local process to a systemic response and thus suggest the possibility that blockade of HS might improve the outcome of SIRS in AP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".