A Comparative Historical Explanation of the Environmental Policies of Two Woodworkers' Unions in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Industrial Wood and Allied Workers of Canada (IWA) has cooperated with timber corporations in engaging in an anti-environmentalist campaign in British Columbia. In contrast, the Pulp Paper and Woodworkers of Canada (PPWC) has, on occasion, cooperated with environmental organizations. It is contended here that the IWA's history of purging radicals from its ranks, its longstanding policy of cooperating with management, and its relatively undemocratic political structure are the primary reasons for its anti-environmentalist policies. Conversely, the PPWC has never expelled radicals from leadership positions; it has always maintained an adversarial relationship with management; and its political structure is very democratic. Thus, the specific histories and political structures of the PPWC and the IWA are the primary reasons for their different environmental policies. Therefore, it is argued that there is nothing inherent in woodworkers or woodworkers' unions that would preclude them from cooperating with the environmental movement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.032 | 0.010 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".