Impact of Age and Training on Intestinal Heat Shock Protein Production
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inducible heat-shock protein 70 (HSP72) has a protective role within cells that are exposed to physiological stressors. The mucosal epithelium of the intestine encounters a wide range of physiologic extremes (including pathogenic organisms) and is continually exposed to cellular stress. Limited research has been done to examine the impact of exercise training on HSP production in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it was of interest to investigate factors that can modulate HSP production in the intestine. PURPOSE: To examine the impact of age and physical training on HSP production in the small and large intestines of mice. METHODS: A total of 40 young (17 weeks) and old (31 weeks), female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a sedentary control group (S) or a training group (T). The training group underwent regular exercise on a motorized treadmill (5 days per week, 30 minutes per session at approximately 75% max) for 15 weeks. The sedentary control group maintained normal cage activity. Prior to euthanization, each group of mice were further sub-divided into either a resting control group (Con) or a group that underwent a 90 min bout of exhaustive, treadmill exercise (Exh). Mice of the exhaustive exercise (Exh) group were sacrificed 2 hours following exercise, whereas the control mice were sacrificed at the same time of day. Blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and the gastrointestinal tract was removed for further processing. Total HSP72 expression in segments of the small and large intestine was quantified using ELIS A techniques and HSP distribution was assessed by immunohisto chemistry. RESULTS: Training induced a significant (p <0.001) reduction in basal intestinal HSP72 concentration in segments of both the small and large intestines. Values, expressed relative to total protein, for the small intestine were [mean ± SE]: YSCon = 2.6 ± 0.5 pg/ug vs YTCon = 1.8 ± 0.2 pg/ug; OSCon = 2.4 ± 0.4 pg/ug vs OTCon = 1.1 ±0.3 pg/ug and for the large intestine: YSCon = 3.3 ± 0.6 pg/ug vs YTCon = 2.9 ± 0.2 pg/ug; OSCon = 5.4 ±0.5 pg/ug vs OTCon = 2.7 ± 0.4 pg/ug. Exhaustive exercise increased HSP70 expression in the large intestines of the sedentary and trained, young mice. Whereas, only the trained, older mice were able to increase HSP production in the small intestine in response to the exhaustive exercise bout. CONCLUSIONS: The differential response of the intestinal segments of the older animal may provide insight into the possible mechanisms contributing towards the increased incidence and progression of various enteropathies seen with senescence. Further research is required to investigate the training-induced reduction in resting concentrations of HSP.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".