Catch-up growth and swimming performance in threespine sticklebacks (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>): seasonal changes in the cost of compensation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Compensatory growth is a phase of unusually rapid growth following a period of growth depression. This response allows animals to achieve the same size-for-age as continuously fed contemporaries. We tested the hypothesis that a period of poor growth followed by compensation reduces the swimming abilities of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), even after the period of rapid growth had ceased; we also investigated how the time of year in which the rapid growth occurred affected the possible costs in swimming performance. The threespine sticklebacks showed a compensatory growth response after a period of food shortage, both in winter and in spring. This change in growth trajectory subsequently caused a reduction in ability to withstand high flows, but only when the period of rapid growth occurred just prior to the breeding season. We suggest that threespine sticklebacks may be willing to incur the swimming costs of catch-up growth just prior to the breeding season to maximize their expected reproductive success.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".