<i>Didymella rabiei</i> primary inoculum release from chickpea debris in relation to weather variables in the Pacific Northwest of the United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Didymella rabiei, the ascomycete fungus that causes ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum), produces pseudothecia and pycnidia on overwintered chickpea debris. The timing of primary inoculum release from overwintered chickpea debris was investigated in the field using potted susceptible chickpeas as trap plants and debris heavily infested with D. rabiei. Debris was spread in a 1 m2 area in early fall of 2004 and 2005 and the experiment was repeated over two years and replicated at two sites. Primary inoculum was trapped the following spring by placing 27 trap plants adjacent to the overwintered debris at each site for 2–3 days followed by incubation in the greenhouse under conditions to promote infection. Ascochyta blight lesions were counted 2 weeks later. Primary inoculum release began in mid-March, with the majority of lesions associated with rainfall events and recorded during May in all years. Release continued through the beginning of June when the number of lesions on trap plants dropped off dramatically despite the occurrence of several rainfall events. Primary inoculum release correlated well with previously published data on pseudothecial maturity and ascospore release in the laboratory. In regression analyses, rainfall was the variable that best described primary inoculum release. The results of this study have allowed the development of a simple model for predicting primary inoculum release from overwintered debris. These data will allow growers to target control strategies during this critical period. Key words: Cicer arietinum, epidemiology, gram blight, spore trap. Didymella rabiei, le champignon ascomycèdete qui cause l'ascochytose du pois chiche (Cicer arietinum), produit des pseudothecies et pycnidies sur les débris de pois chiches qui ont hiverné. Le moment du relâchement primaire de l'inoculum des débris de pois chiches hivernant a été examiné dans le champ en utilisant des pois chiches susceptibles en pots servant de plantes pièges, et des débris de pois chiches sévèrement infectés par D. rabiei. Les débris ont été répandus sur une surface d'un m2 de soil au début de l'automne 2004 et 2005; l'expérience a été répétée sur deux années et sur deux sites. L'inoculum primaire a été piégé le printemps suivant en exposant pendant 2–3 jours 27 plantes pièges aux débris qui ont hiverné, suivi par une incubation en serre dans des conditons prones à stimuler l'infection. Le nombre de lésions causées par l'ascochytose ont été comptées 2 semaines plus tard. Le relâchement primaire de l'inoculum a commencé à la mi-mars, avec la majorité des lésions associées à des précipitations pluvieuses et enregistrées en mai pour toutes les années. Le relâchement a continué jusqu'à debut juin quand le nombre de lésions sur les plantes piège ont baissé dramatiquement malgré plusieurs évènements de précipitations. Le relâchement primaire de l'inoculum est similaire aux données préalablement publiées pour la maturité des pseudothecies et de la projection d'ascospores dans le laboratoire. Les analyses de regression ont identifiées le niveau des précipitations comme la variable ayant la plus grande influence sur le relâchement primaire de l'inoculum. Les résultats de cette étude ont permis le dévelopement d'un simple modèle pour prédire le relâchement primaire de l'inoculum des débris qui ont hiverné. Ces données permettront aux producteurs de cibler les stratégies de contrôle en cette période critique. Mots-clés : Cicer arietinum, épidémiologie, gramme maladie, spore piége.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".