A Two-Dimensional Model of a Double-Façade With Integrated Photovoltaic Panels
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Building integrated photovoltaic (PV) systems that include heat capture are more cost effective than PV systems that generate only electricity. This paper presents a two-dimensional control-volume model for a double-façade with integrated PV. The model may be employed to determine maximum PV temperature. Good agreement with a one-dimensional analytical model is obtained for air temperature rise. Experiments in Montreal showed that air temperatures could increase by 20°C when passing air through a 1m high façade section, and maximum PV temperatures of close to 50°C could be reached even in −17°C weather for an air velocity of 0.6m∕s. The highest uncertainty in PV temperature prediction is due to the values of convective heat transfer coefficients from the literature which are generally lower than observed values.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it