Psychological Disorders Among Children and the Parents of Children Undergoing Cancer Workup
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This paper evaluates the association between psychological problems and cancer workup in children aged less than 20 and their parents. Assessment of the potential psychological stress in these children and their parents has been inadequately studied in the past. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of anxiety or depression among children and the parents of children undergoing cancer workup, based on Deseret Mutual Benefit Administrators (DMBA) claims data and corresponding enrollment files for dependent children aged less than 20, from 1998 to 2002 in the United States and Canada. RESULTS: Less than 20% of cancer workups are followed by cancer diagnosis and treatment. Children with a "cancer workup only" are 89% more likely to experience anxiety/depression than are children without a cancer-related claim; that is, the rate per 100,000 person-years of anxiety/depression is 7,222 for children with a cancer workup only compared with 3,824 for children without a cancer-related claim. Mothers of children with cancer workup are 37% more likely to experience anxiety/depression. Children are significantly more likely to experience anxiety/depression if one or both of their parents experience anxiety/depression. The increased risk is influenced by whether the child experiences both cancer workup and treatment (359% higher), by cancer workup only (308% higher), and by no cancer workup or treatment (295% higher). Finally, the rate of anxiety/depression among children with cancer workup and their mothers was significantly lower in homes with more children. CONCLUSIONS: A cancer workup alone is sufficient to significantly increase the risk of anxiety/depression in children undergoing cancer workup and in their parents. The ability of a child undergoing a cancer workup to cope is influenced by the mental health of their parents. More children in the home are protective against anxiety/depression in children undergoing cancer workup and in their mothers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".