Lack of Interleukin-10 Leads to Intestinal Inflammation, Independent of the Time at Which Luminal Microbial Colonization Occurs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that the resident bacteria harbored by interleukin (IL)-10 gene-deficient mice initiate an enterocolitis in the neonatal period. The associated intestinal injury is characterized by an increase in the secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and by a systemic response to endogenous bacterial antigens, supporting the hypothesis that a lack of tolerance may be the initiating cause. Whether bacterial initiation of this enterocolitis would occur in the adult intestine or whether it is only seen in the developing neonatal intestine was not known. Adult (9 weeks of age), axenic, luminally sterile IL-10 gene-deficient mice, which do not spontaneously develop enterocolitis, were inoculated with intestinal microbial flora. These mice rapidly developed intestinal injury and demonstrated elevated levels of IFN-gamma in cecal and colonic tissue. This response precedes a systemic spleen cell response to stimulation by bacterial antigens. Similarly, axenic, IL-10 gene-deficient mice exposed to microflora as neonates experience a comparable intestinal injury and IFN-gamma release before the appearance of IFN-gamma-producing cells in the spleen. Microbial colonization in control mice leads to systemic IL-10 production, but not systemic IFN-gamma production, suggesting that an IL-10-mediated suppression regulates the response in normal control mice but is absent in IL-10 gene-deficient mice. Our results suggest that the point at which intestinal microbial colonization occurs does not significantly influence the severity or specificity of the inflammatory response in IL-10 gene-deficient mice. The lack of tolerance to bacterial antigens appears to result from the absence of IL-10 during bacterial exposure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".