Otolith Trace Element Chemistry as an Indicator of Anadromy in Yukon River Drainage Coregonine Fishes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Eight coregonine species have been documented in the Yukon River drainage. They include inconnu Stenodus leucichthys , broad whitefish Coregonus nasus , humpback whitefish C. pidschian , Alaska whitefish C. nelsonii , least cisco C. sardinella , Bering cisco C. laurettae , round whitefish Prosopium cylindracium , and pygmy whitefish P. coulterii . Personal use, sport, and commercial fisheries within the drainage target several of these species. Some species are capable of anadromous life histories, as evidenced by their presence in estuaries, yet few studies have investigated the upstream migrations of anadromous components of these populations. Only inconnu migrations have been previously examined in the Yukon River drainage. We investigated the distribution of anadromous coregonine fish in the Yukon River drainage in Alaska using sampling and otolith chemistry procedures. Six species were identified in sample collections from eight regions of the drainage between 1,200 and 2,000 km upstream from the Bering Sea. Gonadosomatic indices indicated that most sampled fish of all species were mature and preparing to spawn. Anadromous inconnu, broad whitefish, and humpback whitefish were distributed in the Yukon River and its tributaries to a maximum distance of 1,700 km from the sea. Anadromous least cisco were distributed in the Yukon River and its tributaries up to 1,600 km from the sea, whereas anadromous Bering cisco were present in the Yukon River main stem as far upstream as 2,000 km. No anadromous round whitefish were detected. Few coregonine spawning areas have been identified, so the actual migration distances of anadromous species may be greater than presented here.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".