The Alfonso II Document of 812, the Annales Portugalenses Veteres and the Continuity of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo as the Kingdom of Asturias
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Alfonso II charter of 812 supports our theory that the Kingdom of Asturias was a continuation of the Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo. From a reading of the document it can be deduced that the determination to recover Hispania stood at the heart of what we call the Reconquest, and therefore simply constituted an attempt to recover the ancient Visigothic Kingdom of Toledo, lost as a result of the Muslim invasion of 711. The same idea of continuity is also present, albeit less clearly defined, in the Annales Portugalenses Veteres. Apart from this, the identification of Hispania with the Visigothic Kingdom as one and the same, to the extent that the two terms became interchangeable, was developed in the first quarter of the 7th century by Isidore of Seville, and was reinforced in the second half of that century by Julian of Toledo. However, they were already being treated as equivalent by Gregory of Tours in the second half of the 6th century, by Fredegar, in the mid-7th century, and by the Papal Chancery of Leo II in the last quarter of the 7th century.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".