Numerical Analysis of Ludwig-Soret Effect of One Binary Mixture and Two Ternary Mixtures in an Al2O3 Porous Cavity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A cavity of 10 mm in width, 10 mm in height, and 32.1 mm in horizontal length filled with Al2O3 porous medium designed in Pau project to investigate thermal diffusion phenomena, or Ludwig-Soret effect. A lateral heating condition was applied with 10 °C at the left wall and 50 °C at the right wall. The thermosolutal convection of a binary mixture of water-ethanol at 75.0 MPa pressure, a ternary mixture with methane, n-butane, and n-dodecan at 35.0 MPa pressure, and a ternary mixture of n-dodecane, isobutylbenzene, and tetrahydonaphthalene at atmosphere pressure inside the Al2O3 porous medium cavity were numerically investigated. The thermal conductivity and the permeability of Al2O3 porous medium on the Ludwig-Soret effect were analyzed, the former had little influence, but the later had strong impact on the compositional separation at the steady state of thermosolutal convection, which were analyzed globally with separation ratio. The distributions of component mole fraction(s) on the horizontal and vertical lines in the center of the porous cavity were also shown to study the details of the compositional separation at the steady state of thermosolutal convection. Recommendations are made for the experimental design based on the results of numerical analysis
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".