Effect of milling method on selected physical and functional properties of cowpea (<i>Vigna unguiculata</i>) paste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Particle size distribution (PSD) of cowpea meal is an important determinant of paste functionality and end product quality. Samples from various mills and screen sizes were used to determine PSD, water-holding capacity (WHC) and swelling capacity (SWC). Hammer mill (1.73 mm screen) meal had a geometric mean diameter (dgw) of 221 microns, whereas PM-360 [plate mill with one complete turn (360°) of clearance] meal had a dgw of 1559 microns. All other milling processes resulted in meal with an intermediate particle size. To reduce the particle size of cowpea pastes, cowpea meals were hydrated to pre-determined moisture contents, held for 15 min, and then blended in a blender before whipping. Blending increased the WHC and SWC of all samples.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".