Down-regulation of Voltage-gated Ca2+ Channels by Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 Is β Subunit-specific
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neuronal Ca(2+) sensor protein-1 (NCS-1) is a member of the Ca(2+) binding protein family, with three functional Ca(2+) binding EF-hands and an N-terminal myristoylation site. NCS-1 is expressed in brain and heart during embryonic and postnatal development. In neurons, NCS-1 facilitates neurotransmitter release, but both inhibition and facilitation of the Ca(2+) current amplitude have been reported. In heart, NCS-1 co-immunoprecipitates with K(+) channels and modulates their activity, but the potential effects of NCS-1 on cardiac Ca(2+) channels have not been investigated. To directly assess the effect of NCS-1 on the various types of Ca(2+) channels we have co-expressed NCS-1 in Xenopus oocytes, with Ca(V)1.2, Ca(V)2.1, and Ca(V)2.2 Ca(2+) channels, using various subunit combinations. The major effect of NCS-1 was to decrease Ca(2+) current amplitude, recorded with the three different types of alpha(1) subunit. When expressed with Ca(V)2.1, the depression of Ca(2+) current amplitude induced by NCS-1 was dependent upon the identity of the beta subunit expressed, with no block recorded without beta subunit or with the beta(3) subunit. Current-voltage and inactivation curves were also slightly modified and displayed a different specificity toward the beta subunits. Taken together, these data suggest that NCS-1 is able to modulate cardiac and neuronal voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels in a beta subunit specific manner.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".