Adult Human Bone Marrow– and Adipose Tissue–Derived Stromal Cells Support the Formation of Prevascular-like Structures from Endothelial Cells <i>In Vitro</i>
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inadequate vascularization of in vitro-engineered tissue constructs after implantation is a major problem in most tissue-engineering applications. In this study we evaluated whether adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs), similar to bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs), can support the organization of endothelial cells into prevascular-like structures using an in vitro model. In addition, we investigated the mechanisms leading to the support of endothelial organization by these cells. We cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), ASCs, and BMSCs either alone or in combination in fibrin-embedded spheroids for 14 days. We found that BMSCs and ASCs formed cellular networks that expressed alpha smooth muscle actin and, in the case of ASCs, also CD34. Further, BMSCs and ASCs secreted hepatocyte growth factor and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 and 2. In addition, ASC-conditioned medium induced HUVEC outgrowth, whereas BMSC-conditioned medium and hepatocyte growth factor-supplemented medium did not. Finally, both BMSCs and ASCs supported HUVEC organization into prevascular-like structures when cocultured. Our results suggest that both BMSCs and ASCs can support the formation of prevascular-like structures in vitro. Further, our findings indicate that cell-cell contacts and reciprocal signaling play an important role in the formation of these prevascular structures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it