Stopping power for ion channeling through carbon nanotubes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigate the energy losses of MeV protons moving paraxially in single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) due to excitations of carbon valence electrons. To elucidate the significance of the large variation in electron density inside the nanotubes, we compare the energy losses based on a two-dimensional (2-D) hydrodynamic model of the nanotube wall with those based on a three-dimensional dielectric function for a non-homogeneous electron gas, which includes both local and non-local contributions to proton stopping power. While the latter contribution agrees closely with the stopping power from the 2-D model at high proton speeds and in central regions of the nanotube, the local contribution yields a significant increase in stopping power when the proton moves close to the nanotube wall. These results will be useful in future simulations of projectile trajectories and in assessing the electronic damage to CNTs in the course of ion channeling at medium and high energies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".