Bibliographic record
Abstract
Remarkable progress has been made in very high energy (VHE; E ≥ 100 GeV) gamma-ray astrophysics in the last decade. The VHE source catalog has increased tenfold, with a wide variety of source classes, and includes more than 45 extragalactic objects. Currently, the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) has made observations of numerous source candidates, both galactic and extragalactic, including more than 100 galaxies. The last 18 months of observations are especially noteworthy as they have been completed in a new array configuration, following the relocation of one of the four 12–meter telescopes. This new configuration has yielded a significant increase in the VERITAS sensitivity to gamma-ray sources above 100 GeV, resulting in several new source detections in the first few months of operations alone. To date, the VERITAS extragalactic source catalog includes various blazars, the radio galaxy M87 and the starburst galaxy M82. Highlights from the VERITAS extragalactic observation program are summarized here.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".