Superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase during epididymal maturation and prolonged storage of spermatozoa in the Mexican big-eared bat (<i>Corynorhinus mexicanus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes during epididymal spermatozoon maturation and storage in Corynorhinus mexicanus (G.M. Allen, 1916), a vespertilionid bat that stores spermatozoa in the epididymides for several months after regression of the testes. Depending on the phase of the epididymal reproductive cycle, two different patterns of antioxidant enzyme activities were observed in C. mexicanus. Catalase activity is clearly present in both caput and cauda epididymides throughout the entire annual reproductive cycle, being particularly high during the post-testicular phase of epididymal function. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, present during the testicular phase of epididymal transport and maturation of spermatozoa, is almost completely absent or inhibited in both epididymal segments during the post-testicular epididymal storage period. GPx activity is low during the testicular phase of epididymal spermatozoon maturation and is high in both epididymal segments during the storage phase of epididymal function. From our results, we postulate that (i) the pattern of epididymal antioxidant enzyme activities in C. mexicanus is significantly different from the pattern that is proposed to be unique for mammals; (ii) epididymal function in these species of bats can be clearly divided into two phases, a testicular-dependent phase that is related to the spermatozoon maturation function of the epididymides and a testicular-independent phase that is related to the long-term spermatozoon storage function observed in these mammals; (iii) the study of the regulation of the redox potential of the microenvironment, associated with mammalian spermatozoa as they transit through the epididymides, must be particularly focused on the anatomical region where ROS generation scavenging and spermatozoon maturation storage processes take place.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".