Low Voltage-Activated Ca<sup>2+</sup>Channels Are Coupled to Ca<sup>2+</sup>-Induced Ca<sup>2+</sup>Release in Rat Thalamic Midline Neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High voltage-activated Ca2+ channels are coupled to the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Here we present evidence that, in the paraventricular thalamic nucleus and other midline thalamic nuclei, activation of low voltage-activated (LVA) Ca2+ channels stimulates Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) from intracellular stores. Voltage-clamp activation of LVA Ca2+ channels in fluo-4 AM-loaded neurons induced an initial transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) (mean increase, 19.4%; decay time constant, 71 ms) that reflected the entry of extracellular Ca2+. This was followed by a sustained secondary elevation in [Ca2+]i (mean increase, 4.7%; decay time constant, 7310 ms) that was attributable to CICR. Repeated activation of LVA Ca2+ channels to evoke CICR caused a progressive buildup of baseline [Ca2+]i (mean increase, 13.12 +/- 3.41%) that was reduced by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin or caffeine. In contrast, LVA Ca2+ channel-evoked CICR was absent from ventrolateral thalamocortical relay neurons, suggesting that LVA Ca2+ channel coupling to Ca2+-dependent intracellular signaling may be a property that is unique to nonspecific and midline thalamocortical neurons.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".