Hybrid Inexact Optimization Approach with Data Envelopment Analysis for Environment Management and Planning in the City of Beijing, China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, a two-stage interval-stochastic mixed integer programming method was developed for supporting long-term planning of solid waste management in the city of Beijing, China. The developed method reflects uncertainties expressed as probability density functions and intervals, as well as offers a linkage between predefined environmental policies and associated economic implication. The method has advantages in tackling dynamic, interactive, and uncertain characteristics of solid waste management system in the city, and addressing issues regarding waste diversion and landfill prolongation. Reasonable solutions were generated for waste flow allocation and system capacity expansion. Data envelopment analysis was then utilized for analyzing these solutions under different policy scenarios. Obtained results can provide useful information and decision-support for the city's solid waste management planning. Results are valuable for adjustment of the existing waste management practice and identification of desired waste flow allocation patterns for the city of Beijing. Results also suggest that the developed method is applicable to other engineering decision-making problems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".