Extinction of UV radiation in Arctic snow at Alert, Canada (82°N)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extinction of ultraviolet (UV) and visible radiation (300–548 nm) in snowpack is reported for surface snow used in snow‐atmosphere exchange experiments during the Polar Sunrise Experiment ALERT 2000 (Canadian Forces Station Alert, Canada). The UV penetration distance is reported as the e‐folding depth (the depth over which the monochromatic light irradiance decreases by a factor of e) for 2 nm wavelength intervals. Values in the range 5–6 cm are obtained for a uniform snowpack in the wavelength region between the ozone absorption edge in the UV and green light in the visible. Experimental evidence shows at most a weak dependence of the asymptotic e‐folding depth on the solar zenith angle. Comparison of these data to previous studies indicates that the e‐folding depths vary greatly between sites, most probably due to variations in impurities at each of the sites. These data imply that approximately 85% of a photochemical reaction occurs in the top 10 cm of snowpack at this site.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".