Performance evaluation of a buried steel pipe in a moving slope: a case study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shallow and deep-seated soil movements were observed in a slope in which a steel pipe was laid for transport of oil emulsion. In the past, solutions have been developed mainly for analysis of buried pipes subjected to longitudinal or transverse soil movement at a shallow depth. Based on simplified soilpipe interaction relationships and ground movement patterns, this paper presents methods for analysis of pipes subjected to the measured soil movements at varying depths in slopes. These methods decompose the resultant soil movement into its components parallel and perpendicular to the pipeline, i.e., the pipeline is subjected to a combined longitudinal and transverse soil movement. In the transverse movement analysis, the effect of pipe stretching due to large deformation is included. These methods were used in the case study to assess the potential of yielding in the pipe with the given soil movements that occurred in the slope.Key words: pipeline, soil subgrade, soil movement, bending, axial stretching.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".