Effect of Multicomponent Adsorption/Desorption Behavior on Gas-In-Place (GIP) Calculations and Estimation of Free and Adsorbed CH4 and CO2 in Shale Gas Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Unconventional shale gas resources have become a major component of the energy mix in North America, with future growth projected globally. The nature of storage and transport of hydrocarbon gas are not yet fully understood in these plays. Adsorption in gas shales is expressed by the Langmuir isotherm, which is the capacity of the rock to adsorb gas at any given temperature. The Langmuir isotherm is generally measured in the laboratory with crushed rock samples. In the presence of CO2 with CH4 in the free gas state, the desorption behavior and measurement becomes more complex. There are significant differences in sorption experimental procedures and results reported by different vendors. This study addresses the challenges in data variability in sorption measurement, the differences in EUR and GIP calculations, including existing limitations on adsorption measurement and reporting techniques. The results and implications of round- robin experiments with four different samples across four vendor laboratories are shown with multi-component adsorption isotherm analysis. The limitations and variations based on vendor data measurement techniques for accurately calculating GIP and EUR in the case of multi-component adsorption are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".