Action of water in the degradation of low-density polyethylene studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Industrial low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was aged in stagnant distilled water during one year. Two types of this material were studied. The first one was without additives and the second type was doped with 4% of hindered-amine light stabilizers (HALS). Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the evidence that an oxidation occurs was demonstrated for the two types of LDPE (with and without HALS). One objective was to observe the chemical groups resulting of the ageing and to propose a mechanism of hydrolytic degradation for LDPE. The analysis of C1s spectra shows that the main oxidation products are C-O and C=O groups. Unlike the hydrolytic degradation of polypropylene, there is no presence of O=C-O groups, which suggests that there is no oxidative chain scission during hydrolytic ageing of the LDPE. The other objective of the study was to observe if the HALS can have an influence in the hydrolytic ageing of the LDPE. The values of the atomic concentration of the oxygen for the two types of samples show that the HALS could slightly slow down the oxidation of the LDPE.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it