Thermal Recovery of Bitumen From the Grosmont Carbonate Formation—Part 2: Pilot Interpretation and Development Strategy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary Bitumen production from the Grosmont formation is enabled by bitumen-viscosity reduction caused by heating with steam, and is driven by three processes: thermal expansion, gravity drainage, and spontaneous imbibition. Gravity drainage is the dominant recovery mechanism. Maintaining a balance of injected and produced fluid is indicative of good performance. The projected steam/oil ratio (SOR) for the carbonate Grosmont formation is comparable to that of the clastic Clearwater formation; the impact of lower porosity is compensated by lower water saturation. On the basis of the experience from the pilot project, a followup development of the Grosmont formation relies on cyclic operation of injection and production. Saleski Phase 1, approved by the Alberta Energy Regulator, is designed for 1700-m3/d oil capacity from the Grosmont formation. For the first time, probable undeveloped reserves have been assigned to a fractured-carbonate bitumen reservoir. The cyclic-to-continuous steam-assisted-gravity-drainage drainage (C2C-SAGD) concept, where initial cyclic operation of individual wells is converted into continuous injection and production with well pairs as the reservoir depletion matures, intends to maximize recovery in future exploitation projects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".