Weld metal cracking in laser beam welded single crystal nickel base superalloys
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The weldability of two single crystal nickel base superalloys CMSX-4 and CMSX-486 were investigated by autogenous bead-on-plate laser beam welding. The analysis of microsegregation that occurred during solidification in the fusion zone indicated that while W and Re segregated into the γ dendrites, γ′ forming elements Ti, Ta, and Al as well as Hf were rejected into the interdendritic liquid. Fusion zone cracking was observed in both the materials and was observed to have initiated and propagated along the high angle stray grain boundaries in the weld metal of the two alloys. Increased formation of stray grains and increased extent of fusion zone cracking were, however, observed in the CMSX-486 alloy. Extension of solidification temperature range mainly by microsegregation of grain boundary strengthening elements B, Hf, and Zr in CMSX-486 was suggested to be responsible for the increased susceptibility of the alloy to stray grain formation and weld metal cracking compared to CMSX-4 superalloy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".