Sequential changes of hemodynamics and blood gases in newborn piglets with developing pneumothorax
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Little information is available regarding the temporal changes in hemodynamics and blood gases during the development of a moderate pneumothorax in a neonate. In this study, we aim to investigate the temporal changes of hemodynamics and arterial blood gases in a neonatal swine model of unilateral pneumothorax. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational controlled animal research. METHODS: Experimental pneumothorax (n = 9) was created by intermittent progressive introduction of 10 ml/kg of room-air every 5 min to a total 40 ml/kg, via a 20G Insyte(R) angiocatheter placed in the fourth intercostal space in line with the right frontal limb. Changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure (CVP), common carotid arterial flow (CCAF) and arterial blood gases were measured and compared with the normoxic baseline and a control group (n = 7) (ANOVA). RESULTS: As the pneumothorax developed, SaO2 and PaO2 deteriorated after injecting 20 ml/kg of room-air (P < 0.001 vs. baseline and control), whereas the pH and PaCO(2) remained unchanged. CVP increased after injecting 30 ml/kg of room-air (P < 0.001), with no significant changes in heart rate and mean arterial pressure. Meanwhile, CCAF increased and carotid oxygen delivery declined after 30 ml/kg (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Deterioration in oxygenation was noted early in the development of pneumothorax in newborn piglets followed by metabolic acidosis. CVP progressively increased despite the lack of significant changes in systemic hemodynamics when moderate pneumothorax developed. Although CCAF increased during a moderate pneumothorax, carotid oxygen delivery decreased.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".