Elevated aminotransferases during treatment with interferon-beta for multiple sclerosis: actions and outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The authors report further analysis of a six-year retrospective chart review of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients prescribed interferon-beta (IFNB) in British Columbia, Canada. Actions and outcomes taken when 284/835 (34%) of the patients developed de novo elevated aminotransferases are presented; 239/284 (84%) of patients were continued on treatment despite these elevations; 216/246 (88%) of patients reaching grade 1 toxicity (greater than the upper limit of normal) continued IFNB treatment; of these, 167/216 (77%) returned to within normal limits. Of the 22/29 (76%) reaching grade 2 toxicity (> 2.5 times the upper limit of normal) and continuing treatment, 14/22 (64%) returned to within the normal range. One of the nine patients reaching grade 3 toxicity ( > 5 times the upper limit of normal) was allowed continue treatment and their aminotransferase levels returned to within normal limits. However, one patient reaching grade 3 toxicity went on to develop liver failure (previously reported).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".