Oil and Gas Transportation: Is Contract a Viable Alternative to Traditional Regulation?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article reviews both the provincial and federal legislative frameworks governing access to oil and gas pipelines, with emphasis on dispute resolution options in the case of access and toll disputes. These codified resolution obligations are compared with the traditional common law common carrier obligations, and it is demonstrated that the latter still play an important role in today's regulatory environment. Key regulatory decisions of both the National Energy Board and the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board are examined to demonstrate both the approaches of these bodies in encouraging settlement of outstanding issues and their attitudes toward yielding regulatory jurisdiction when parties' affairs have been arranged by contract. It is demonstrated that these regulatory bodies still maintain jurisdiction over some aspects of oil and gas transportation even where parties have agreed to privately drawn oil or gas pipeline contracts and will not hesitate to interfere given the right public policy concerns.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".