Dosimetric IMRT verification with a flat‐panel EPID
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A convolution-based calibration procedure has been developed to use an amorphous silicon flat-panel electronic portal imaging device (EPID) for accurate dosimetric verification of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatments. Raw EPID images were deconvolved to accurate, high-resolution 2-D distributions of primary fluence using a scatter kernel composed of two elements: a Monte Carlo generated kernel describing dose deposition in the EPID phosphor, and an empirically derived kernel describing optical photon spreading. Relative fluence profiles measured with the EPID are in very good agreement with those measured with a diamond detector, and exhibit excellent spatial resolution required for IMRT verification. For dosimetric verification, the EPID-measured primary fluences are convolved with a Monte Carlo kernel describing dose deposition in a solid water phantom, and cross-calibrated with ion chamber measurements. Dose distributions measured using the EPID agree to within 2.1% with those measured with film for open fields of 2 x 2 cm2 and 10 x 10 cm2. Predictions of the EPID phantom scattering factors (SPE) based on our scatter kernels are within 1% of the SPE measured for open field sizes of up to 16 x 16 cm2. Pretreatment verifications of step-and-shoot IMRT treatments using the EPID are in good agreement with those performed with film, with a mean percent difference of 0.2 +/- 1.0% for three IMRT treatments (24 fields).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it