Efficient Synthesis of Isoxazolidine-Tethered Monolayer-Protected Gold Nanoparticles (MPGNs) via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions under High-Pressure Conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A maleimide-modified 2.5 +/- 0.5 nm mixed monolayer protected gold nanoparticle (2-C(12)MPGN) containing approximately 30% maleimide-terminated dodecanethiolate/dodecanethiolate ligands was prepared. The 2-C(12)MPGN was reacted with a series of nitrones (a-i) at both atmospheric and hyperbaric (11 000 atm) conditions to form the corresponding isoxazolidine-modified nanoparticles (3-C(12)MPGN) via an interfacial 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. At atmospheric pressures, the reaction proceeds slowly (if at all) and makes this reaction impractical for the synthetic modification of the nanoparticles. However, by performing the reaction under the high-pressure conditions, the reaction proceeds efficiently and quantitatively. TEM shows that the use of high pressure does not affect the size of the gold nanoparticle core. The 3-C(12)MPGNs were characterized by (1)H NMR spectroscopy by comparing the spectra obtained with those of model reactions utilizing N-dodecylmaleimide (4) with the same nitrones (a-i) to form 5. Additionally, the cycloaddition reaction also occurs more readily with 4 than with 2-C(12)MPGN with all nitrones, indicating that the environment of the latter affects the cycloaddition reaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".