Assessment of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>RE</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>OH</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Ising magnetic materials as possible candidates for the study of transverse-field-induced quantum phase transitions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The ${\text{LiHo}}_{x}{\text{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{F}}_{4}$ Ising magnetic material subject to a magnetic field perpendicular to the ${\text{Ho}}^{3+}$ Ising direction has shown over the past 20 years to be a host of very interesting thermodynamic and magnetic phenomena. Unfortunately, the availability of other magnetic materials other than ${\text{LiHo}}_{x}{\text{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{F}}_{4}$ that may be described by a transverse-field Ising model remains very much limited. It is in this context that we use here a mean-field theory to investigate the suitability of the $\text{Ho}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, $\text{Dy}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, and $\text{Tb}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$ insulating hexagonal dipolar Ising-type ferromagnets for the study of the quantum phase transition induced by a magnetic field, ${B}_{x}$, applied perpendicular to the Ising spin direction. Experimentally, the zero-field critical (Curie) temperatures are known to be ${T}_{c}\ensuremath{\approx}2.54$, 3.48, and 3.72 K, for $\text{Ho}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, $\text{Dy}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, and $\text{Tb}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, respectively. From our calculations we estimate the critical transverse field, ${B}_{x}^{c}$, to destroy ferromagnetic order at zero temperature to be ${B}_{x}^{c}=4.35$, 5.03, and 54.81 T for $\text{Ho}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, $\text{Dy}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, and $\text{Tb}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, respectively. We find that $\text{Ho}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, similarly to ${\text{LiHoF}}_{4}$, can be quantitatively described by an effective $S=1/2$ transverse-field Ising model. This is not the case for $\text{Dy}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$ due to the strong admixing between the ground doublet and first excited doublet induced by the dipolar interactions. Furthermore, we find that the paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) transition in $\text{Dy}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$ becomes first order for strong ${B}_{x}$ and low temperatures. Hence, the PM to FM zero-temperature transition in $\text{Dy}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$ may be first order and not quantum critical. We investigate the effect of competing antiferromagnetic nearest-neighbor exchange and applied magnetic field, ${B}_{z}$, along the Ising spin direction $\stackrel{\ifmmode \hat{}\else \^{}\fi{}}{z}$ on the first-order transition in $\text{Dy}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$. We conclude from these preliminary calculations that $\text{Ho}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$ and $\text{Dy}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$ and their ${\text{Y}}^{3+}$ diamagnetically diluted variants, ${\text{Ho}}_{x}{\text{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$ and ${\text{Dy}}_{x}{\text{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{(\text{OH})}_{3}$, are potentially interesting systems to study transverse-field-induced quantum fluctuations effects in hard axis (Ising-type) magnetic materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.067 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".