Hen Egg Lysozyme Attenuates Inflammation and Modulates Local Gene Expression in a Porcine Model of Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-Induced Colitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurring inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with a dysregulation of the mucosal immune system. There is an increasing prevalence of IBD; however, current pharmaceutical treatments are only moderately effective and have been associated with potential long-term toxicity. Lysozyme, a well-known antimicrobial protein found in large quantities in hen egg white, is a promising alternative for the treatment of IBD. A porcine model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis was used to examine the effect of hen egg lysozyme (HEL) supplementation on intestinal inflammation. Treatment with DSS resulted in weight loss, severe mucosal and submucosal inflammation, colonic crypt distortion, muscle wall thickening, down-regulation of mucin gene expression, and increased gastric permeability, but these symptoms were attenuated following supplementation with HEL and restored to basal levels observed in untreated control animals. Treatment with HEL also significantly reduced the local expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, IL-8, and IL-17 while increasing the expression of the anti-inflammatory mediators IL-4 and TGF-beta, indicating that HEL may function as a potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulator. Furthermore, the concomitant increases in TGF-beta and Foxp3 levels suggest that HEL may aid in restoring gut homeostasis by activating regulatory T cells, which are important in the regulation of the mucosal immune system. These results suggest that HEL is a promising novel therapeutic for the treatment of IBD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".