Recognition of DNA Topology in Reactions between Plasmid DNA and Cationic Copolymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study for the first time demonstrates phenomenon of recognition of DNA tertiary structure by the synthetic polycationic molecules. Effects of DNA topology were evaluated using supercoiled and linearized forms of plasmid DNA ( sc DNA and l DNA). Recognition is achieved by using relatively simple chemical structures interacting with the DNA. Two polycations modified with water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains, PEG− block −poly( N -methyl-4-vinylpyridinium sulfate) (PEG− b −PVP) and PEG− graft −polyethyleneimine (PEG− g −PEI) were used. When added to the mixtures of l DNA and sc DNA, PEO− b −PVP selectively bound to sc DNA, while l DNA remained free. In contrast, PEO− g −PEI interacted with both forms of the DNA present in the mixture. Distinct behavior of two copolymers was attributed to the differences in their structure, particularly, charge density of the polycation blocks. Relatively small variation in the polycation ionization state can result in drastic changes in its behavior upon interaction with DNA. Particularly, the change of pH from 7.0 to 5.0, increasing the charge density of PEI block in PEO− g −PEI, was also accompanied by the appearance of recognition phenomena. These findings uncover possibilities for the control of the processes of DNA incorporation in the complexes with cationic species by altering the DNA topology, which may have practical significance in using these complexes for gene delivery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".