Unipolar-encoding/bipolar-decoding for optical CDMA using an electro-optical phase modulator and fiber bragg grating arrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to implementing unipolar-bipolar phase-time encoding/decoding for optical code division multiple access (CDMA) networks. In the proposed approach, an electrooptic phase modulator and two fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays are employed to perform En/De coding. At the transmitter, a low-bit-rate data sequence modulates the optical phase and is then mapped to a high-bit-rate optical sequence via the encoder FBG array in a unipolar way. At the receiver, an identical FBG array that functions as a matched filter is used. Bipolar decoding is achieved by locating the optical carriers on either the positive or the negative slopes of the reflection responses of the decoder FBG array. The proposed encoding/decoding scheme is equivalent to a sequence inversion keyed direct sequence CDMA, which can provide an improved performance compared with the conventional incoherent scheme using optical orthogonal codes. In addition, compared with bipolar decoder applying balanced detection, this approach has a simpler architecture. A proof-of-principle experiment is demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".