Unipolar-encoding/bipolar-decoding for optical CDMA using an electro-optical phase modulator and fiber bragg grating arrays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel approach to implementing unipolar-bipolar phase-time encoding/decoding for optical code division multiple access (CDMA) networks. In the proposed approach, an electrooptic phase modulator and two fiber Bragg grating (FBG) arrays are employed to perform En/De coding. At the transmitter, a low-bit-rate data sequence modulates the optical phase and is then mapped to a high-bit-rate optical sequence via the encoder FBG array in a unipolar way. At the receiver, an identical FBG array that functions as a matched filter is used. Bipolar decoding is achieved by locating the optical carriers on either the positive or the negative slopes of the reflection responses of the decoder FBG array. The proposed encoding/decoding scheme is equivalent to a sequence inversion keyed direct sequence CDMA, which can provide an improved performance compared with the conventional incoherent scheme using optical orthogonal codes. In addition, compared with bipolar decoder applying balanced detection, this approach has a simpler architecture. A proof-of-principle experiment is demonstrated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".