Conceptual design and evaluation of an ultrasonic system for bottled beverages’ quality measurement and control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A conceptual design of an online ultrasonic system for bottled beverages’ quality control and monitoring is presented. The design consists of being able to measure ultrasound propagation velocities of beverages in each glass bottle without needing to know its diameter and wall thickness. This was achieved using simultaneously both ultrasound pulse/echo and thru-transmission signals. The ultrasound velocity is then correlated with the beverage’s, viscosity, which is an index of quality. The design also includes: (1) an online transducer alignment technique using a mechanism of frequency shift in spectrum of an ultrasonic pulse signal according to incident angle, and (2) a signal processing method using a slide window technique suitable for automatic separation and recognition of narrowly spaced pulse signals. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the design. Results of beverage viscosity/velocity correlation, frequency shift due to transducer alignment, and ultrasound velocity measurement in real bottles are reported.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".