Wide-Field CCD Photometry of the Globular Cluster M92
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present wide-field CCD photometry of the Galactic globular cluster M92 obtained in the V and I bands with the CFH12K mosaic CCD at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. A well-defined color-magnitude diagram is derived down to 5 mag fainter than the cluster main-sequence turnoff. After removing the background contribution, we obtain luminosity and mass functions, surface density profiles, and the surface number density maps of the stars belonging to the cluster. The surface density profile of all stars shows that the cluster's halo extends at least out to ∼30' from the cluster center, in agreement with previous study, but the profile of faint stars at the very outer region of the cluster shows a different gradient compared with that of bright stars. For a mass function of the form Φ( M ) ∝ M -(1+ x ) , we find that the inner region (5' < r < 9') of the cluster has x ≃ 1.2 ± 0.2, whereas the outer region (9' < r < 15') has x ≃ 1.8 ± 0.3, clearly indicating a mass segregation of the cluster. An estimate of the photometric mass of the cluster implies that the remnant populations (white dwarfs and neutron stars) contribute at least 25% of the total cluster mass. The surface density map of M92 shows some evidence that the tidal tail of M92 may be oriented perpendicular to the direction toward the Galactic center.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".