Phenolic and Lipophilic Extractives in Scots Pine Knots and Stemwood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Summary The phenolic and lipophilic extractives in the heartwood of knots from seven Scots pine trees were analysed by GC, GC-MS and HPSEC. The knots contained large amounts of phenolic stilbenes, 1–7% (w/w), and lignans, 0.4–3% (w/w), while the stemwood contained around 1% (w/w) of stilbenes and no detectable lignans. In young trees without stem heartwood the stilbene content in the knots was up to 200 times that in the stem. Some in-tree and between-tree variation was seen in the content of phenolic compounds in the knots. The ratio of pinosylvin monomethyl ether to pinosylvin was higher in the knots than in the stemwood. The most abundant lignan was nortrachelogenin, but also matairesinol, secoisolariciresinol and liovil were present in small amounts in the knots. The knots also contained a complex mixture of lignan-like compounds, here called oligolignans. The flavonoid pinocembrin was present in both stemwood and knots in amounts below 0.02% (w/w). The stilbene concentration in the radial direction, from the pith to the outer branch, decreased or was on the same level inside the stem, while it decreased markedly in the outer branch. The lignan concentration was on the same level or decreased slightly inside the stem, while it decreased markedly in the branches and became almost non-existent within 10 cm out in the branches. The knots contained large amounts (4.5–32% (w/w)) of lipophilic extractives, mainly resin acids. Some in-tree and between-tree variation was seen for the resin acids. The abietane-type resin acids dominated over the pimarane-type acids and abietic acid was the most abundant resin acid in the knots and in stem heartwood. The amount of resin acids in the radial direction decreased or was on the same level inside the stem, while a clear decrease was detected in the branches. The profile of the distribution of resin acids and phenolic compounds was similar. The knots also contained up to 0.5% (w/w) of diterpenyl aldehydes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".