Emission of Inertial Waves by Baroclinically Unstable Flows: Laboratory Experiments with Altimetric Imaging Velocimetry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Results from new experiments on baroclinic instability of a coastal jet demonstrate that this almost balanced flow spontaneously emits inertial waves when the Rossby radius of deformation is relatively small such that the characteristics of baroclinic meanders match the dispersion relation for the inertial waves. The energy of the waves is small compared to the energy of the flow. A single event of wave emission is identified in the experiment with larger radius of deformation and is interpreted in terms of vorticity dynamics. The flows are generated on a laboratory polar β plane where the Coriolis parameter varies quadratically with latitude. A new method for imaging the rotating flows, which the authors call “altimetric imaging velocimetry,” is employed. Optical color coding of slopes of the free-surface elevation field allows the authors to derive the fields of pressure, surface elevation, geostrophic velocity, or the “gradient wind” velocity with very high spatial resolution (typically several million vectors) limited largely by the pixel resolution of the available imaging sensors. The technique is particularly suited for the investigations of small-amplitude waves, which are often difficult to detect by other methods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".