Hybrid photovoltaic cells based on ZnO/Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>/P3HT heterojunctions
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We demonstrate hybrid photovoltaic (PV) cells based on n–i–p heterojunctions with incorporated zinc oxide (ZnO) films using a sol–gel method. The cells, employing stibnite (Sb 2 S 3 ), and poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) materials, as light absorption layers, constitute an active region in the indium tin oxide (ITO)/ZnO(n)/Sb 2 S 3 (i)/P3HT(p)/Ag hybrid structure. Our investigation shows that annealing temperature has a significant effect on both the crystallinity and optical absorption of Sb 2 S 3 films. The near‐intrinsic Sb 2 S 3 films annealed at 300 °C exhibits dark conductivity of 1.42 × 10 −7 S cm −1 . The performance of PV cells strongly depends on thermal treatment of Sb 2 S 3 , and on the thickness of both the Sb 2 S 3 and P3HT layers. Electronic structures of annealed Sb 2 S 3 films was further studied by photoelectron spectroscopy to understand the physics behind.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it