O1‐04‐07: Aging, biomarkers and behavior in Caribbean vervets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Roughly 30,000 Caribbean vervets (African Green monkeys) live on the island of St. Kitts, Eastern Caribbean. The Behavioral Science Foundation has a colony of >1,000 vervets. Previously, we described the presence of amyloid-ß (Aß) plaques, vascular amyloid, neuritic dystrophy, and plaque-associated gliosis in a small number of aged vervets (Lemere et al., AJP, 2004). In this study, we extend our pathological analyses of brains and present correlations between aging, biomarkers, and behavior. Extensive immunohistochemical analysis was performed on archived, fixed sections from 28 vervets aged 12-32 yr to detect Aß deposition, gliosis, and p-tau. In addition, we have compared age, CSF Aß42, behavioral test scores (Object Retrieval Test for episodic memory, ORT), and biomarkers on human proteomic arrays (Rules Based Medicine) for each of 20 young (10 F, 10 M; ages 5-10 yr), 20 middle-aged (10 F, 10 M; ages >10-15 yr), and 20 old (10 F, 10 M; ages >15-26 yr) live vervets. Aß deposition into plaques and/or blood vessels was observed in at least 1 brain region in all animals >17 yr and increased with age (P < 0.0008). Activated microglia and reactive astrocytes were associated with compacted plaques. Phospho-tau immunoreactivity was localized to dystrophic plaque-associated neurites, neuropil threads, astrocytes, and very rare intracellular labeling. Cognitive decline was significantly associated with aging (young vs old, p < 0.02) however, some old vervets remained cognitively intact. CSF Aß42 increased with aging but in the old animals, there was a significant decrease in ˜half of the animals that correlated with cognitive decline (p < 0.02) similar to changes seen in humans. Eighty-three of the 114 human markers used in the RBM Proteomics Array cross-reacted with vervet proteins. Early data analysis shows that increases in inflammatory proteins such as complement C3, IL-1ra, and CD40 ligand, as well as cortisol, correlated with worsening of episodic memory. However, of the four, only cortisol also showed significant positive correlations with age and CSF Aß42 levels. More extensive data analysis is underway. Vervets provide a valuable natural model for aging and at least some aspects of AD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".