Impact of Shunt-FACTS on Distance Protection of Transmission Lines
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the performance of distance protection of transmission lines when compensated with shunt flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers/devices. The performance of distance protection is evaluated for shunt-FACTS controllers applied for mid-point voltage control. The impact of two types of shunt FACTS controllers, static VAr compensators (SVC) and static synchronous compensators (STATCOM) on the transmission line distance protection are studied for different fault types, fault locations and system conditions. The dynamics of the shunt-FACTS controllers with their associated control systems are considered and simulated using RSCAD/RTDS testing environment. The performance of both the basic/non-pilot distance scheme and a directional comparison blocking (DCB) scheme are evaluated in this paper. The results of the commercial relay testing show the adverse effects of mid-point shunt-FACTS compensation of transmission line on both non-pilot and DCB distance protection schemes
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it